Multi-Class Flat Classification of Lung Diseases Utilizing Deep Learning

Early diagnosis of diseases is very critical for recovery. However, this is not always feasible due to the limited available staff or expensive and inadequate tools as we have witnessed in the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Lung diseases are life-threatening, but fortunately, they can be detected from X-ray images, which are cost-effective approaches. However, they need experts who are sometimes unavailable. Thus, using cutting-edge technology to diagnose diseases automatically and fast is the key solution to saving people's lives. In this research, deep learning techniques have been utilized to classify several lung diseases in a cost-saving, time-saving, and efficient manner. Examples of lung diseases studied in this research are COVID-19, Lung Opacity, Pneumonia, and Tuberculosis. Several pre-trained deep learning models have been employed for flat multi-class classification of these lung diseases instead of using binary classification to recognize one disease from normal cases, as most state-of-the-art studies carry out. The models' performance has been evaluated on imbalanced data of X-ray images with various resolutions and types. Finally, multiple measurements metrics have been utilized to evaluate the performance. The best accuracy achieved in this research is 95.643%. © 2022 IEEE.

Ensuring Social Distancing using Artificial Intelligence: Distancia-the new normal

COVID-19 has impacted the lifestyle worldwide. Health, economy, daily routines, work culture, research, mode of communications etc. all have been adversely affected and a new normal has been defined. Until an effective and reliable vaccine is developed, social distancing is one of the key solutions to prevent the virus from affecting the community as lockdown is never a permanent solution to this problem. In order to ensure proper social distancing at any organization, a system is developed that is able to detect whether the people are following social distancing norms by using the proposed 'Distancia-the new normal Algorithm'. The system is designed such that it gives an alert whenever the social distancing norms are violated. It can be deployed with a CCTV camera, so that the live footage fetched by the CCTV can be directly used by the system for checking that the social distancing is being followed or not. Any organization regardless of the number of employees can use this system. Existing mobile applications designed for this purpose cannot be used at schools, educational institutes or any other organization where the use of mobile phones is prohibited. Also, since the effect of rain is not considered in any of the existing system, therefore the present applications can only be deployed at limited places where there is no hindrance caused by rain/snow etc. Thus, the proposed system can prove to be of great importance for organizations where keeping a check of the social distancing is difficult. © 2021 IEEE.

Shifting Systematically Towards Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Solution Framework to Overcome the Impacts of Covid-19

The threats like increasing pollution level and scarcity of natural resources are showing that Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP) is one of the key solutions and the main contributor driver of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Eventually, a mysterious disease named as COVID-19 started spreading very fast around the globe and it was declared a pandemic. To protect citizens from this pandemic, the government announced complete lockdown in the country. This lockdown due to COVID-19 has put its impact on every aspect of life. In this research study, the e®orts have been made to identify various impacts of COVID-19 on SCP practices and propose various solutions to overcome these impacts of COVID-19. In the Indian perspective, a total ¯fteen impacts of COVID-19 under ¯ve di®erent heads along with eighteen solutions to overcome these impacts have been identi¯ed with the help of literature, various reports and experts' inputs. All these impacts and solutions were analyzed using a hybrid framework. Results revealed that COVID-19 majorly put its impact on nation, business and behavior followed by the impact on society and environment. All these impacts can be overcome by adopting solutions like strong and clear policies formation and its implementation, ¯nancial packages to industries to boost up the economy, ¯rm determination of top management, safety of the workforce and tax reduction on sustainable products. The ¯nal results will be very helpful for all the actors focused on SCP. °c World Scienti¯c Publishing Company

Social Distancing Inspection To Mitigate COVID-19 Using K-Nearest Neighbour

The beauty of Indian culture is to celebrate happiness as well as sorrows in gatherings of relatives, friends, and well-wishers. But with the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, the world order has changed and social distancing has become inevitable and needs to be observed strictly to save mankind. Keeping in view the transmission of the COVID-19 virus through contacts and non-availability of medicines and vaccines, social distancing is one of the key solutions that is way out to contain this spread of the virus. As the name states, social distancing suggests that people should physically maintain distance between themselves which will reduce the chance of close contact and automatically leads to a decrease in the spread of infectious diseases like the Corona Virus and many other viruses which spread through close contact. Social distancing is possibly the most effective non-pharmaceutical way to prevent the spread of disease. The main objective of social distancing is if people are not close together, they are incapable of spreading germs. This mitigation measure is used to decrease transmission, by suspending and decreasing the size of the epidemic peak and spreading cases over a lengthier period to relieve the burden on the healthcare organization. In this paper, a model is recommended where the total number of people present in the frame is detected using the YOLO object detection algorithm, and distance between each individual is measured Using K-Nearest Neighbour. If the distance between any two individuals is less than 6 feet or 2 meters then a red bounding box pops around them indicating that they are violating the rule of social distancing. This model is implemented on Raspberry Pi with buzzer system for alert. © 2021 IEEE.